World History Discussion: Empires/ Waterloo/ Industrial Revolution

• Waterloo
• Terrain
• There are ridges where you can hide your numbers, which can be used to take advantage of the battlefield.
• Napoleon's Hundred Days
• He arrived in France from the Island where he was exiled.
• He was confronted by Martial Ney, and they join Napoleon.
• Napoleon's replacement runs away, and Napoleon makes it to France and rebuilds his army.
• Napoleon is getting ready to take on anyone who is coming to take France
• Results of Waterloo
• Napoleon is exiled once again to St. Helena right off the coast of Africa.
• He lived in comfortable luxury, and died just a few years afterward.
• Balance of Power Restored
• France was deprived of their conquered territory.
• Pax Britannica
• Peace throughout Europe for many years
• Congress of Vienna
• They did not punish France with Reperations in which the loosing side pays for rebuilding.
• This allows France to rebound, and not be trapped in even more debt.
• Napoleon's Fate
• Napoleon didn't sleep much
• He would sleep on horseback during the day, taking short naps.
• Was Napoleon Very Enlightened?
• He conquered people, but he did run an enlightened society.
• He did destroy feudalism, and help to secularize society.
• The Nobility were weakened by the French Revolution
• Liberalism, Nationalism, Romanticism then dominated Europe for the next hundred years.
• Nationalism
• Political Nationalism
• Political loyalty to one's nation under law.
• Ethnic Nationalism
• The desire to have one nation under one ethnicity.
• Religious Nationalism
• The desire to have everyone under the same denomination under one religion
• Industrial Revolution
• Agricultural Revolution
• Farming develops to a level in which there is more than enough food simply to live on, but to sell.
• Why Did Industrial Revolution Occur in England?
• The government became stable
• Free enterprise 
• Individual freedom and liberty encouraged innovation.
• There was a plentiful workforce, and there were plentiful natural resources, and capital.
• How Did the Government of Britain Find the Innovation of Finding Longitude
• Board of Trading
• Made the challenge that anyone who could accurately determine Longitude on the open ocean would receive quite a large honor and reward.
• John Harrison accepted the challenge.
• He was a clock maker, a normal shopkeeper. 
• He created a clock that worked with springs instead of a pendulum, that allowed for the clock to work on the open sea. Solving the problem.
• It took years for people to accept John Harrison's achievement.
• Charles Townshend
• Created the innovating four field crop rotation system.
• Before they always used the three field crop rotation system.
• He grew turnips on a field that normally would be left baren, so that the field could become more fertile.
• He grew turnips because they helped to revitalize the land.
• Steam Becomes Huge
• James Watt
• Invented the Steam Engine
• Michael Bolton
• Perfected the Steam Engine
• The Boom in Cotton
• Eli Whitney
• Invented the Cotton Gin
• It made cotton more lucrative and efficient to cultivation.
• It made slavery more desirable.
• Railroad Boom
• George Stephenson
• Creates the Rocket, a train that could go fourteen miles per hour.
• Results of the Industrial Revolution
• Economy Changed in England and America from an Agarian to Industrial Economy
• What Decreases?
• The number of people farming
• What Increases?
• Pollution
• Due to factories and increased use of coal
• Population
• Urbanization
• More people live in cities
• Middle Class
• Labor
• Types
• Child
• Women
• Unions
• Purpose
• To give workers bargaining power
• In What Conditions Can it Work
• When there aren't a million people trying to replace you.
• Types
• Labor
• Trade
• WW Rostow
• American Economist
• Served in the Johnson Administration
• Offered a theory of industrialism
• Stages of Industrialism
• Traditional Society
• Preconditions for Take Off- Transitional Stage
• Take Off
• Drive to Maturity
• High Mass Consumption
• Romanticism
• Important Ideas
• Be spontaneous, follow your desires and your intuition.
• Important Figures
• Jean Jacque Rousseau
• Johann Goethe
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Important Effects
• Criticized 
• Industrilization
• Science
• Scientific Revolution
• Important Ideas
• We can understand the world through logic and reason.
• Abolitionism
• Getting rid of slavery
• Temperance
• Getting rid of alchohol
• Socialism
• Why does it Exist?
• To make everyone equal
• What is their biggest assumption?
• That humanity can be standardized, and that everyone can be satisfied being the same.
• Where does Socialism Work Best?
• Where the majority of people are very poor.
• Important Figures
• Robert Owen
• Believed humans were good by nature.
• Was born in Scotland
• He owned New Lanark Mill
• Unlike most industralists, he treated workers positively.
• He created a village around his factory and allowed them to live in the village.
• He provided education and healthcare for the villagers.
• He forbade child labor.
• Gave his workers good wages
• As a result of this, people worked hard and did their best.
• However this only worked on his first attempt to do this.
• Karl Marx
• He wrote his prediction of the future called...
• The Communist Manifesto
• His view of Capitalism
• He believed it causes...
• Alienation
• Exploitation
• Injustice
• And lack of satisfaction in working
• He wanted...
• Everyone to be equal, with no class system
• Age of Metternich in Europe
• Conservatism
• Conservatists wanted to..
• Ensure monarchy
• Limit 
• Liberalism
• Nationalism
• Carlsbad Decrees
• Limited Freedom of Press at Universities
• Trouppau
• Allowed for militaries to intervene if a monarchy was threatened
• French Revolution of 1830
• They kick Charles X Out
• They set up...
• Freedom of...
• Press
• Speech
• Liberalism
• Louis Philippe takes over as King of the French
• Constitutional Monarchy is Established
• Revolutions of 1848
• Where they occurred?
• France
• Prussia
• Austria-Hungary
• Etc.
• Effects
• Metternich's Congress System
• Died out
• Italian Unification
• In order to unify Italy Important Figures...
• Prompted industrialization
• To modernize Italy
• Risorgimento
• Movement to help promote nationalism and unification
• Manufactures war with Austria
• A common enemy helps to unify a group of people.
• German Unification
• Important Figures
• William I of Prussia
• Otto Von Bismark
• Was very calculating
• In order to unify Germany Important Figures....
• Prompted Industralization
• In order to modernize
• War
• To eliminate any threats to their unification
• Their modernization gave them the power to quickly win wars
• Victorian Age of British Empire
• The monarchy was weakening
• Lead by Queen Victoria
• Had Nine Children
• Sincerely loved her husband
• Bring Opium to China
• Opium War
• Britain wins and acquires Hong Kong
• Britain just keeps beating China, and Britain keeps hitting them with unfair treaties.