European Trade - Portuguese Empire in the East
They created a trading post empire in Africa, India, and the East Indies
They traded cinnamon, slaves, silk, gems, gold, and silver.
Dutch East India Company
They sent one million Europeans to work in Asia trade on 4,785 ships.
The Slave Trade
Slavery existed in all ancient civilizations
During the period o 1530 to 1640 Muslim Arab raiders enslaved more than one million western christian Europeans.
The Slavs, were slavic people, taken by Muslim raiders, the word slave comes from slavs.
The Arab slave trade lasted into the 20th century.
Sugar industry in the Mediterranean drove slavery.
The Americas lacked labor, because the indigenous people didn't make good slaves.
The indigenous people, refused to be slaves, and could easily escape European slave masters.
There were many African farmers, so they were easier to enslave, plus its harder for slaves to escape who don't know the territory.
Europeans didn't want to get the slaves themselves, as Africa was known as the Dark Continent, and the tropical diseases present there would kill off Europeans.
Europeans would trade guns, money, and silver to African tribesmen for slaves that those tribesmen kidnapped from neighboring tribes.
Slaves engaged in at least 250 shipboard rebellions.
The Death rate of slaves crossing the Atlantic was 15%.
Slaves would be taken to inhumane breaking camps, 30% died in the Caribbean in these breaking camps.
Sugar Cane is very labor intensive.
Sugar Cane farming was a big part of breaking camps, if slaves showed any signs of resistance, it was punished severely.
What were the cash crops that drove slavery?: Coffee, Cotton, Rice, Sugar, Tobacco, Indigo
Specifically in the West Indies: Rice, Indigo, Sugar
Specifically in Brazil: Coffee, Cotton, Rice
Specifically in North America: Cotton, Tobacco, Rice
The slave trade took sixteen million Africans, and several million Muslims.
In Angola two thirds of the people were men, most of the men were taken, so many women took on extra duties.
Polygamy became the norm in Angola.
Need for fire-arms increased and tribal unrest increased in Angola.
Between 10 to 20 million slaves were brought to America.
The Slave trade was expensive, dangerous, but rather lucrative.
Equiano lobbied in Britain to end slavery.
Slave trade ended in the United States 1808.
Over 600,000 Americans died in the Civil War.
The Enlightenment is the reason for why slavery came to an end.
The Enlightenment period was the pursuit of justice,progress, but most importantly the encouragement of critical thinking.
Thomas Jefferson was an Enlightenment thinker.
All men are created equal, came from the bible.
The Enlightenment lead to people questioning the morality of slavery.
From 1803-1960s slave trade was ending around the world.
The Constitution is the basis of the United States Government
In 1787, the Constitutional convention formed the Constitution.
When the Constitution of the United States, was being ratified, each state had to agree on the Constitution.
The Constitution many felt gave the federal government too much power, and that it would lead to the rise of a monarchy in America.
When the Constitution was written, there were many debates on big states versus small states.
Virginia was the biggest state at the time, while Rhode Island was the smallest.
They established two houses, the Senate based on equal representation, and the House based on population, in order to prevent the big states from taking over the small states.
Three-Fifths compromise was given to slaves in the population count, every five slaves, were counted as three people.
The Three-Fifths compromise made it where twenty-five years after it being ratified, the slave trade would officially end.
Slavery ended after the Civil War.
In the first big battle of the Civil War, the battle of Shiloh, in two days, the US took the biggest death toll of all wars before for the US at that time.
Slavery still exists illegally as human trafficking, everywhere.
France in Louisiana and Canada
The french came into the age of exploration and focused heavily on North America.
The french treated native Americans rather well, and were fantastic traders.
France during the age of exploration was an absolutist monarchy.
Louis XIV was one of the most powerful monarchs in Europe, with very minute checks in power.
French colonies in North America were very Autocratic, and were run by a very centralized and powerful government.
Culture Clash in North America- Jamestown
The first attempt at forming an English colony in North America, didn't work out.
A post was left where the first colony was, which was supposed to denote where they were going if they were to leave the colony, the post mysteriously was inscribed with the word Croatoan.
Three ships arrived May 6, 1607, with 104 men, they were adventures. The three ships were named Godspeed, Susan Constant, and Discovery. They traveled to North America to find the city of gold, go back to England, and live out their fantasies. They were all nobles, of a noble bloodline, with land and titles. They are not workers, they pride themselves on the fact that they don't work. They were disappointed at the lack of gold. They encountered the Algonquin Tribe, they set up a colony in Virginia, James Town in a very swampish land. They didn't know how to camp out, how to grow anything, and most of them don't know how to farm. John Smith the mercenary who was along with the travel, tells the others that they work or they don't eat.
James Town-Pocahontas
The daughter of the tribe leader of the Algonquin Tribe, married John Rolfe in 1614. John Rolfe experimented with Tobacco, and invented a tasteful strand of Tobacco. Pocahontas acted as a diplomat for James town and her tribe. Dale's code, laid out a code of law for Jamestown, saying that everyone must pull their weight. In 1616, everyone was allowed to get 100 acres who moved to Jamestown. In 1619, settlers of Jamestown were given the rights of englishmen.
First Cheasapeake War
Tobacco trade increased the need for land.
Jamestown was attacked in 1622 by a native american tribe, John Rolfe is killed, and the settlers retaliated and killed many natives.
The Western Way of Warfare: Is from the Romans and the Greeks, the idea is to decimate your enemy, take away their ability to rival you.
Tribal cultures limited warfare, it was ceremonial, where chosen warriors faced off to decide on the end of a disagreement. They did not fight to destroy their enemy. They did not expect the people of Jamestown to come attack them, they thought the fight was over.
Plymouth Colony
Puritans, Calvinists, moved to America in search for the way of life they wanted. They traveled in two ships, until one of their ships had some technical difficulties, and all the people took a ride in the Mayflower. The Mayflower settlers took up settlement in Massachusetts. Squanto a native american who had been all over Europe met the Mayflower settlers when he found out that his village was gone. He saves their Plymouth settlement, known as Plymouth Rock.
Plymouth Colony: Puritan Theocracy
The Death rate of slaves crossing the Atlantic was very political and religious.
Massachusetts Bay Colony- The City on a Hill
John Winthrop helped to establish Boston as the new center of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Massachusetts Bay Colony- Pequot War
The Pequots were the tribe most likely to be able to defeat the Europeans.
John Winthrop believed that the land was empty, because the Pequots used the land not for cultivation but as a reservation of nature.
John Wintrhop encroached on the Pequots, as he expanded his settlement through their land.
The Mohegans, Narrangesetts, and the Puritans on 26 May 1637, surrounded the Missituck (home of the Pequots) and set it on fire. As they ran out of their burning city, the Pequots were shot to death. The Narrangesetts and the Mohegans gave up, as they couldn't believe the bloodshed that the Puritans were willing to go to. This allowed the Puritans to spread, as the Native Americans understood that the Puritans were crazy.
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