The Massachusetts Bay Colony and the Plymouth Colony were different.
The Plymouth Colony were separatists puritans.
Puritans and Anglicans are different.
Puritans are Calvinists, they believe in predestination, they didn't believe in dancing, they believed in drinking less, and were very focused on behavior.
Calvinists believe your behavior should symbolize your faith, you should be upright in your community, diet correctly, and have success in business.
Puritans did not wear all black and white all the time, they believed life was to be joyful through their faith.
Puritans wrote documents about how husbands and wifes should coexist.
These Puritan books were considered too sexually graphical to be allowed in America, Puritans were not really stiff, lifeless people.
The difference between Plymouth Puritans and Massachusetts Puritans, is that Plymouth Puritans who are Separatist Puritans, have decided to no longer attempt to purify the Church of England.
The Massachusetts Puritans, believed they could still purify the Church of England, to make it more Calvinist.
A Theocracy is where the spiritual leaders are also the head of the government.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was an example of a Theocracy.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was more successful than the Plymouth Puritans Colony.
Indians and Settlers- Iroquois Confederacy
The Iroquois had five nations in 1650, by 1722 there were six nations.
There were a thousand different native american tribes in North America alone, many of them spoke different languages.
The Cherokee, the Chikasaw, and the Creek indians were the strongest indians in the south.
There are many types of indians that range in variety depending on their geographical location in North America, the tribes are all very different.
The Europeans took advantage of the Native American's distance from one another, the isolation of their individual tribes, to dominate them.
The Iroquois Confederacy controlled land from the Great Lakes all the way to Tennessee.
The Iroquois Confederacy trained men and women from birth into different roles, with men being warriors and wanderers, and women being gatherers and farmers.
The Europeans tried to make them into farmers, which the Iroquois men found insulting, essentially telling them to be women.
The Iroquois men believed that spoils of war are of great honor, and that being a warrior was the highest honor that one could have.
The Iroquois dealt very shrewdly with the French and the English politically.
The Iroquois had an amazing fur trade, which spouted the Beaver Wars of 1638-1722.
North American Fur Trade
The British were around the Hudson Bay region, Western Canada, and the Eastern Coast as colonies.
The French had colonies in Mississippi, Ohio, the St. Lawrence River Valley, Great Lakes, and Gulf of Mexico.
The Russians settled in Alaska.
The Little Ice Age drove the Europeans need for fur from the Native Americans.
The English Colonies
- Puritans of New England
- Quakers/Germans in Pennsylvania
- Dutch/English in New York
- Anglican Cavaliers in Virginia
- Catholics in Missouri
- Hugenots/French in South Carolina
- English/Scots in Georgia
Many of the people who came to America were go-getter, risk takers.
Many of them were indentured servants, who were paid to go over to North America, but were then forced to do whatever they were told for seven years.
Wages were higher in North America than they were in Europe at the time, and America was mostly middle class by the middle of the 18th century.
This was a big deal, because most societies up until that point was very imbalanced, there used to be a small set of nobles, and the majority of people were peasants.
At this time Britain, America, and Holand began to change the social classes, and started to have a large growing middle class.
In North America, there was a lot of land, a lot of Capital, and little labor.
Demographic of English Colonies
Rate of expansion in North America was 40% or more each decade.
There was more land for larger families.
Males at 200lbs of meat a year.
40 year old women would have six to seven kids.
There was a high standard of living.
Before 1680, 90% of the people who came to North America were English, however after 1720, mostly Non-English people began to come over to North America.
Slavery in Colonial America
Slavery doesn't take of in Colonial America in the 1600s.
The first slaves in North America, came to St. Augustine Florida.
Twenty slaves were brought to America in Virginia in 1619, as indentured servants.
In 1640, two white servants, and a black servant ran away, the white servants got a couple more years of servitude, but the black slave became a slave for life.
The biggest reason for slavery in Colonial America was the shortage of slavery in North America, most of the slaves in the beginning were taken to New York and Virginia.
In 1675 New York had the highest population of slaves.
In 1750, Georgia made slavery legal.
To be altruistic, is to be charitable.
In Georgia the plan was to be altruistic, and to have a silk trade, and no slavery.
The silk trade in Georgia was a flop, and slavery was made legal to make up for the failed silk trade.
The silk trade failed because the plants they tried to use in Georgia with the silk worms didn't work like the Europeans who colonized there, thought.
The Edict of Nantes
It allowed the protestants to live peacefully.
It was revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV.
Scots/Irish
England had a civil war between Puritans and Anglicans.
The Puritans won, and the Parliament was put into place.
Social Engineering is trying to establish a new country by changing the people within it through coercion, bribing, threatening, moving, etc people.
Social Engineering was used to reward English Noble families with land, title, and power in Ireland if they are protestant.
These English Noble families were to force the people of Ireland to become protestant.
The people of Ireland at that time were not nobles, they were uneducated peasants, who were difficult to convert.
Many of these Irish Peasants were taken out of Ireland, and were switched with Scottish people.
From all these changes, many conflicts erupted, and a new nation was formed: Northern Ireland.
Northern Ireland was protestant, and Ireland was Catholic, which provoked many civil wars for many years.
China-Ming Dynasty 1368-1644
The Black Plague hit China in the 1340s.
The Mongols were driven out of china in 1368, which kickstarted the Ming Dynasty.
Hongwu established the Ming Dyasty.
Confucianism is based on the teaching of the bureaucratic teacher who wrote a way to rule, known as Confucius.
Your belief of the nature of man, directly effects your belief about government.
If you don't have faith in people, you believe that the government must be under the rule of one man who forces the people to what is right.
Legalism was based on iron rule, it was tyrannical, forceful, and had heavy laws.
Legalism assumes people are not good people.
Legalism existed before Confucianism.
Confucius believed that if people were educated they could be good people, and that by being kind, appropriate, and respectful.
Propriety is acting appropriately based on your situation.
Confucius believed that based on his teachings, one could teach people how to act.
Yongle, an emperor of China, added to the Great Wall of China.
A war with the Mongols erupted in the 1440s, and captured a Ming Emperor in 1449.
China had movable type, paper, greatest fleet seen in the world, educated civil bureaucracy, guns, artillery, and the compass.
China believed they had everything they needed and focused on themselves rather than other countries and traveling.
China- Ming Fall and the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912)
Famine afflicted China in the 1630s
Peasants began to rebel against the largely weak and absent Ming Rulers.
Beijing fell to Manchu invaders in 1644.
The Qing Dynasty was established by Manchu Military Prowess.
The Qing Dynasty ruled through Confucian Bureaucrats and Eunuchs.
It was proclaimed as the pure dynasty in 1644, by Manchu forces.
Kangxi was a Confucian scholar and enlightened ruler.
Qianlong wrote more than 100,000 poems, and helped to flower Chinese culture and power.
Government bureaucrats were chosen in China through rigorous exams, only males could be chosen, and men had to prepare at six years of age studying Confucius.
Rooms were empty, for no communication, you stayed in the room for three days, five percent of people passed, and one million degree holders competed for 20,000 offices in the imperial bureaucracy.
Passing the exam has its own measure of prestige and would allow you to eventually become a teacher, but if you got an office, you would never loose the office, and your family would be taken care of for generations.
China- The Family in Ming and Qing Dynasties
Infanticide became quite common.
Men can take the exam, while women cannot, so many women were killed at birth.
Foot binding was deemed dainty and arousing to men, so many women were forced to have their feet bound, which caused them to be deformed.
Women could not divorce, but men could get rid of their women easily, even their children they could easily get rid of.
Chinese Religion and Christians
Taoism believe in a balanced world, and only local government.
Buddhism is the following of the noble eightfold path and the four noble truths of buddhism.
Jesuits are Super Priests.
Matteo Ricci was an Italian Jesuit, he learned to read and write Chinese, he served in the court of the Ming Emperor Wanli.
Matteo Ricci exposed European technology to China like maps, astronomy, and calendars.
The Chinese didn't like the European maps, because China was was set to the side, and Europe was set in the center of the globe.
Ricci made a map to please the Chinese, in which China was in the center of the globe.
Ricci as an astronomer knew that an eclipse would occur and told the Emperor that his officials were wrong and that the eclipse would be much shorter than he thought.
Ricci impressed the Emperor with his prediction and with a clock, the Emperor loved his clock.
Way back in the 13th century, China had Su Sung's Astronomical Water Clock, which was used to time the Harvest, and was a huge clock.
The clock was taken apart, by an Emperor which is why, China had lost its clock technology.
By the 18th century, there were about 200,000 Christians and Christianity doesn't really take off.
Tokugawa Japan- Unification to Seclusion
Shoguns ruled Japan from the 12th to the 16th Century.
The Emperor was a figurehead, but the Shoguns ruled.
The Tokugawa Bakufu government took off after the 16th Century Sengoku, the country at war.
During this time there were Samurais, devoted to honor and family.
Samurais were the greatest warriors of this time.
The Daimyo were powerful lords, they tried to turn the samurai into bureaucrats and scholars.
Japan was heavily influenced by the Chinese.
The Shoguns passed edicts in the 1600s forcing Japanese Christians to renounce their faith, European missionaries were tortured and executed.
Ottoman Empire
Existed from 1299 to 1922
It absorbed the Byzantine Empire by 1461, it absorbed the old Roman empire.
Mehmed II the Conqueror called himself the Roman Caesar, he was defeated by Vlad II Dracula of Wallachia in 162.
Ottoman Empire- Janissaries
Janissaries were children taken from Southern Europe, they were Christians who were converted to Islam, became an Elite Group, a military class with fantastic discipline.
They were very loyal, and helped to protect the Sultans of the empire.
Ottoman Empire- Battle of Lepanto 1571
Ended Turkish or Ottoman Domination of the Mediterranean.
The Ottomans had old school, oared, Greek ships.
The Greeks used to use these ships to charge into other ships and break them apart.
The Ottomans had to face Gallions which were pushed by the wind and had cannons.
WWI kills off the Ottoman Empire.
Concept of Democracy
Democratic governments believe in the good of people.
The founding fathers of America felt odd about, democracy.
Anti-Federalists believe that the states should run themselves.
Anti-Federalists wish for the government not to become too strong, to keep America from becoming as bad as England was when they left.
Federalists, believe that the federal government should be stronger.
9/11
Bush asked the people after 9/11 to go spend money, because if people became scared and stopped buying things after 9/11, it tanks the economy.
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